E . on the basis of drawing up the discrete rod element , the preprocessor procedure forming the element formation of arbitrary orientation rock bolt is worked out . f 在编制离散式杆单元的基础上，编制了生成任意岩体锚杆单元信息的前处理程序，从而克服了常规的有限元算法中必须将锚杆布置于单元结点的常规做法。
Based on the analysis on existing problems of rock bolting for complicated and difficulty roadways , the importance of rock bolting stiffness , especialy the pretensioned stress to bolting effects was expounded 摘要在分析目前复杂困难条件下锚杆支护存在问题的基础上，论述锚杆支护系统刚度，特别是预应力对支护效果的重要性。
However , ajoint support of alluvial rock bolt with a double - layer of wire mesh can also besatisfactory in the same type of unfavorable ground conditions , with better economicbenefit 而在某工程的地下洞室不良地质地段的支护中采用了双层钢筋网同管式锚杆联合支护获得成功，产生了与钢支撑同样的支护效果，并带来了良好的经济效益。
Two examples concerning pullout test of rock bolt and an anchor bolts reinforcing slope are calculated and analyzed . the ideal results have verified the validity of the method and its ability to solve the problems in engineering 上述工作完成后，应用本文方法对锚杆的拉拔试验进行了数值模拟，得到了较好的计算结果，从而证明了本文计算方法的正确性。
Based on the discussions about the recent development of fiber optical based smart materials and components , as well as the status of fiber optical sensor studies and applications , the concept of smart rock bolt is put forward according to engineering requirements 本研究首先通过对当今光纤智能材料与器件的发展和光纤传感器研究应用现状的论述，从实际工程应用的角度出发，提出了智能锚索结构的概念。
( 3 ) rock bolts are used as an extension of the supporting piles . this structure solves the embedding problem of cantilever pile and is newly applied in foundation trench in china . no environment contamination appears in this old crowed town because no detonation or mechanical drilling ( 3 )利用岩石锚杆作为围护桩的延伸成功地处理悬臂桩嵌固的问题，该结构方式的应用为国内首例，避免了在旧城镇老房屋密集区基岩爆破和机械成孔对周围环境的影响和污染。
An approach is brought forward to consider arbitrary orientation rock bolt , in this model while forming the calculation mesh , the orientation of the anchor need n ' t consider , only the coordinate formation of starting point and destination of the rock bolt is needed , the formation of rock bolt in combination element can be formed automatically 阐述了任意岩体锚杆的计算模型，该模型在形成计算网格时可不必考虑锚杆的方位，只需赋予锚杆的起点与终点的坐标信息，即可自动形成锚杆在组合单元中的信息。
Fist of all , on the basis of the research of agone boffins , this author investigates the interaction mechanism of bolts and rock , and introduces the elastic ? lastic analytical resolution which is consist of the liner structure , the equivalent reinforced wall rock and the original wall rock in the simple loading from the equivalent well - proportioned view ; this solution is very important meaning for the engineering design . on the basis of coulomb friction model , the author introduces the finite element equation of the contact problem in order to provide the academic foundation for the application of msc . marc . finally , combining the engineering practice of the non - linear analysis of shield tunnel through yellow river of the south - north water transfer and using the model of friction , the author researched the evolution law of stress and displacement field in the structure of grouted rock bolts , and analyzed the effect to the stress and deformation of surrounding rock mass due to anchor supports 首先，在前人研究成果的基础上，对锚杆与围岩的相互作用机理进行研究，利用全长锚固锚杆的中性点理论，从等效均化的角度来考虑锚杆对围岩的加固作用，并推导了在简单荷载作用下，含有衬砌、等效加固后的围岩、原始围岩三者的弹塑性解析解，对工程设计有着重要的参考意义；在数值模拟方面，以考虑锚固围岩满足规则化库仑摩擦模型为基础，利用虚功原理推导了接触问题的有限元方程的计算格式，为开发运用大型商用有限元软件msc . marc提供了理论根据，也形成了本文的理论基础：最后，论文以南水北调东线穿黄隧洞稳定性分析项目为工程实例，利用本文所述的接触问题的摩擦模型理论，对锚杆支护结构的应力场、位移场的变化规律进行了研究，分析了加锚支护对隧洞围岩应力、变形的影响。
Shotcrete - rock bolt support and concrete lining are important parts of timbering structures in modern tunnel construction , and there are also essentials for natm . the intensity difference of concrete is big because of the big randomicity at the aspects of material , metage of additive , mix round , ratio of water and lime , spray construct and water maintain 由于喷射混凝土和二次衬砌在拌和料、外加速凝剂的称量、拌匀以及水灰比的配比、在喷射作业及洒水养护上都存在着很大的随机性，其强度的差异也较大。
The unloading due to excavation and readjusted stress after the release of in - situ stress will endanger the stability of surrounding rock mass . the stability analysis of rock engineering is the core of research interest in engineering geology and rock mechanics . whereas it is very important for the technique of grouted rock bolts timbering to stabilize the underground rock and is widely used at the same time 在地下结构工程中通常要进行大范围的开挖，而施工开挖卸荷和地应力释放后应力重分布等因素将危及到围岩的稳定性，因此地下岩体稳定性分析一直是工程地质和岩体力学非常重要的研究课题；而喷锚支护技术对地下岩体稳定起着很重要的作用，并得到广泛的应用。
